ROLE OF PHOSPHOROUS IN KIDNEY DISEASE

SOME LOW PHOSPHOROUS FOOD

• Certain brands of nondairy creamers, rice milk (unenriched), soy milks
• Cream cheese, sour cream
• Soda-lemon-lime, grape, strawberry, cream soda, root beer, homemade iced tea, homemade lemonade, hot apple cider, cranberry juice
• Gelatin, Popsicles, sherbet, Sorbet
• Jellybeans, fondant, gumdrops, hard candy
• Unsalted popcorn or pretzels
• Sugar cookies, shortbread cookies, vanilla wafers, lemon cake, white or yellow cake, angel food cake
• Jam, jelly, honey, cream cheese
• Margarine, butter
• Corn or rice cereals, refined wheat cereals
• Cream of wheat, cream of rice, grits
• French, Italian or white bread
• White rice, pasta, couscous
• Fresh or frozen meat, fish and poultry (compared to processed)
• Fruits such as apples, berries, grapes, plums, pineapple, canned pears, peaches, fruit cocktail
• Vegetables such as green beans, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, eggplant, summer squash, bell pepper, cucumber, lettuce, onion, radish.

ROLE OF POTASSIUM IN KIDNEY DISEASE

Red bell peppers

Red bell peppers are low in potassium and high in flavor, but that’s not the only reason they’re perfect for the kidney diet. These tasty vegetables are also an excellent source of vitamin C and vitamin A, as well as vitamin B6, folic acid and fiber. Red bell peppers are good for you because they contain lycopene, an antioxidant that protects against certain cancers.

Cabbage

High in vitamin K, vitamin C and fiber, cabbage is also a good source of vitamin B6 and folic acid. Low in potassium and low in cost, it’s an affordable addition to the kidney diet.

Cauliflower

Another cruciferous vegetable, cauliflower is high in vitamin C and a good source of folate and fiber. It’s also packed full of indoles, glucosinolates and thiocyanates—compounds that help the liver neutralize toxic substances that could damage cell membranes and DNA.

Garlic

Garlic helps prevent plaque from forming on your teeth, lowers cholesterol and reduces inflammation. Garlic provides a delicious flavor and garlic powder is a great substitute for garlic salt in the dialysis diet.

Onions

Onion contains sulfur compounds which give it its pungent smell. But in addition to making some people cry, onions are also rich in flavonoids, especially quercetin, a powerful antioxidant that works to reduce heart disease and protects against many cancers. Onions are low in potassium and a good source of chromium, a mineral that helps with carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism.

Apples

Apples have been known to reduce cholesterol, prevent constipation, protect against heart disease and reduce the risk of cancer. It is high in fiber and anti-inflammatory compounds.

Cranberries

These tangy, tasty berries are known to protect against bladder infections by preventing bacteria from sticking to the bladder wall. In a similar way, cranberries also protect the stomach from ulcer-causing bacteria and protect the lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, promoting GI health. Cranberries have also been shown to protect against cancer and heart disease.

Blueberries

Blueberries are high in antioxidant phytonutrients called anthocyanidins, which give them their blue color, and they are bursting with natural compounds that reduce inflammation. Blueberries are a good source of vitamin C; manganese, a compound that keeps your bones healthy; and fiber. They may also help protect the brain from some of the effects of aging. Antioxidants in blueberries and other berries have been shown to help slow bone breakdown in rats made to be low in estrogen.

Raspberries

Raspberries contain a phytonutrient called ellagic acid which helps neutralize free radicals in the body to prevent cell damage. They also contain flavonoids called anthocyanins, antioxidants which give them their red color. An excellent source of manganese, vitamin C, fiber and folate, a B vitamin, raspberries may have properties that inhibit cancer cell growth and tumor formation.

Strawberries

Strawberries are rich in two types of phenols: anthocyanins and ellagitannins. Anthocyananins are what give strawberries their red color and are powerful antioxidants that help protect body cell structures and prevent oxidative damage. Strawberries are an excellent source of vitamin C and manganese and a very good source of fiber. They are known to provide heart protection, as well as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory components.

Cherries

Cherries have been shown to reduce inflammation when eaten daily. They are also packed with antioxidants and phytochemicals that protect the heart.

Red grapes

Red grapes contain several flavonoids that give them their reddish color. Flavonoids help protect against heart disease by preventing oxidation and reducing the formation of blood clots. Resveratrol, a flavonoid found in grapes, may also stimulate production of nitric oxide which helps relax muscle cells in the blood vessels to increase blood flow. These flavonoids also provide protection against cancer and prevent inflammation.

Egg whites

Egg whites are pure protein and provide the highest quality of protein with all the essential amino acids. For the kidney diet, egg whites provide protein with less phosphorus than other protein sources such as egg yolk or meats.

Fish

Fish provides high-quality protein and contains anti-inflammatory fats called omega-3s. The healthy fats in fish can help fight diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Omega-3s also help lower low-density lipoprotein or LDL cholesterol, which is bad cholesterol, and raise high-density lipoprotein or HDL cholesterol, which is good cholesterol.

Olive oil

Olive oil is a great source of oleic acid, an anti-inflammatory fatty acid. The monounsaturated fat in olive oil protects against oxidation. Olive oil is rich in polyphenols and antioxidant compounds that prevent inflammation and oxidation.

Studies show that populations that use large amounts of olive oil instead of other oils have lower rates of heart disease and cancer.

Buy virgin or extra virgin olive oil because they are higher in antioxidants. Use olive oil to make salad dressing, in cooking, for dipping bread or for marinating vegetables.

Reference:

https://www.davita.com/kidney-disease/diet-and-nutrition/lifestyle/top-15-healthy-foods-for-people-with-kidney-disease/e/5347

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention the most common deficiency prevailing among children and pregnant woman is the Iron deficiency. Women between age group 19 to 50 should be consuming about 18 mg of iron per day and 27 mg if they are pregnant. Men on an average require about 8 mg of iron per day.

Fruits and vegetables rich in iron content are as follows:
Green leafy vegetables like spinach, beet-root, pomegranate, dates, dry grapes, dry fruits like almond, sesame butter, dried apricots and others.

Therefore it is always advisable to take low GI foods so that it does not increase the blood glucose levels rapidly. By eating high GI foods it will raise blood sugar level significantly, thereby gives a higher post-meal blood glucose value.

LOW GI FOODS : have a GI of 55 or less

MEDIUM GI FOODS : between 56 to 69

HIGH GI FOODS: 70 or higher

Reference:

http://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes/fruits-vegetables

JACK FRUIT

Jack fruit contains vitamin A, vitamin C,thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, potassium, iron, manganese and magnesium among many other nutrients. It has been found to improve insulin resistance in diabetes patients.

 POMEGRANATE

Pomegranate has been found to improve blood sugar statistics in diabetics people.

WATERMELON

Although watermelons have hive GI values, their glycemic index is low, making them good fruits for people with diabetes. However it should be consumed in moderate level.

ORANGES

Oranges can be consumed on daily basis by diabetics as they are rich in vitamin c.

STRAWBERRIES

One serving of strawberry can satisfy the daily requirement of vitamin C. In a recent study people who ate strawberries along with white bread required less insulin to control blood sugar compared to people who ate white bread alone.

 PAPAYA

Papaya are good for diabetics as they are rich in vitamin and other minerals.

PINEAPPLE

Pineapples possess antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties and good for diabetics.

GUAVA

Guava controls diabetes and it is good for constipation. Guavas are high in vitamin A and vitamin C and contain high amounts of dietary fiber. This fruit has a reasonably low GI.

STARFRUIT

 Starfruits help to reduce blood glucose level but caution needs to be exercised in case the person has diabetes nephropathy.

BLACK JAMUN

This is one of the best fruit for diabetics. It is known to control blood sugar. Various clinical and preclinical studies have been conducted demonstrating anti-hyperglycemic activity of jamun seeds.

SOURCE:

http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/features/fruit-and-diabetes

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/photo-stories/health-fitness/Top-10-fruits-for-diabetics/photostory/35993929.cms

http://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes/fruits-vegetables